تلخيص محاضرة القواعد (1)

                 Objectives of the course  

   اهداف المقرر

1-learn how to make a correct English sentence 

 تعلم كيف صنع جمله انجليزيه صحيحه

2-use count and non-count nouns  

 استعمال الاسماء المعدوده وغير المعدوده

3-connect sentences  

 الربط بين الجمل

4-use adverbs and adjectives correctly  

 استخدام الحال والصفه بشكل صحيح

5-use tenses properly  

 استخدام الزمن المضارع

6-use appositive phrases 

 استخدام البدل

7-use grammar functionally   

8-be familiar with phrasal verbs 

  تكون الافعال مع حروف الجر

9-be familiar with kinds of clauses .

  تكون الانواع المألوفه من الجمل

10-use grammar in conversational situations. 

  استخدام القواعد في المحادثات المختلفه

Pronouns they are thing we use to replace nouns. 

  الضمائر هي شيئ نستخدمه ليحل محل الاسماء

Ashraf is a teacher

Pro(in the place of)noun

My father and my mother are doctors . 

ابي وامي اطباء

They are doctors . 

هم أطباء

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1-pronouns

الضمائر

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Pronouns are the words that can replace nouns.

Mona  is clever .she is clever.  منى ذكية.هي ذكية

 We have many kinds of pronouns ,some of  them are: 

  توجد انواع كثيرة من الضمائر ومنها:

1-personal pronouns (i-we)

2-possessive pronouns  (mine-ours)

3-pronouns acting like adjectives (possessive adjectives ) (my-her-his)

4-reflexive pronouns (myself-herself-himself)

5-demonstrative pronouns (this-those)

6-relative pronouns (who-which-whose)   Personal pronouns are like :  الضمائر الشخصيه مثل:

-they are clever students.  انهم طلاب اذكياء

-he is a teacher of English   هو مدرس لغة انجليزيه

-I saw her in the classroom  رأيتها في الفصل

-personal pronouns can

I  >>me

He >>him

He is a teacher .

I love him .(object) 

I play with him(preposition)

Personal pronouns :  الضمائر الشخصيه :

*before the verb  قبل الفعل

*after the verb    بعد الفعل

*after the preposition   بعد حرف الجر

Exa"  امثلة للضمائر الشخصيه

I am happy.

Mona hates me.

She goes with me.

He>>him       /she>>her        /they>>them /we>>us      /it>>it              / you>>you

1-I love teaching .the students hate me .

2-they hit the ball .the teacher punished  them.

3-the workers went with them.

I = me /he = him /she = her /we= us / the = them /you=you /it =it

Pronouns :

2-pronouns (acting like adjectives)

  الضمائر(التي تربط بين الشئ والشخص)

They always come before nouns indicate that.   هي دائمآ تأتي قبل الاسماء وتشير اليها

Something /someone belongs to someone else /some thing else

My cat feels cold

 Our neighbors are nosy its tail is long

3-possessive pronouns are the words that can replace a possessive adjective plus its nouns . 

الضمائر الملكية تدل على تملك الشخص للشيء

Mona has a car .her car is a fiat .hers is a fiat.

Our teacher is from japan. ours  from japan.

I              me               my

He           him              his

She          her               her

We            us                  our

They          them               their

You            you                 your

Exa : 

-we are happy teacher love us

-our class is decorated.

-they are farmers .the government helped them.their farms are fruitful

-he is angry .the teacher gave him a bag zero. his answer was bad .

Is there a difference in meaning between "he" and "him"?  

هل هناك اختلاف بين he و him

No…  طبعا لا يوجد اختلاف وكلاهما بنفس المعنى ولكن تختلف فقط مواقعها

Personal pronouns   

 امثلة للضمائر الملكيه

1-we are lazy. the teachers hate us.our homework is bad ours is untidy .

2-he works in a factory .the workers are against him. his factory is huge. his

3-she discovered a rare disease . the ministry honored her . her discover is a big achievement  . hers helped humanity (her(noun)-hers)

4-they found a cave . the animals attacked them . their clothes were torn . theirs were brand new.

5-i hate insects . they bite me. My life is ruined by insects mine is apiece of hell.

Pronouns

4-demonstrative pronouns are the words used to replace a specific person or something . they replace a noun this is blue (car)  ضمائر الاشارة,هي تشير الى شئ سواء قريب او بعيد مثل هذه لونها ازرق..وهذه تشير الى السيارة

Those are worn .(my shoes)  هذه يتم ارتداؤها(حذائي)

That is crazy .(your words)  هذه مجنونة(كلماتك)

These are clever .(the drivers)  هذه ذكيه (انظمة التشغيل)

طبعا لكل من هذه الضمائر مكان...مثل Thatمعناه ذاك وذلك وتلك ويستخدم للمفرد البعيد

اما These هي صيغة الجمع لضمير الاشارةthisهذه معناه هؤلاء ويستخدم للجمع القريب

و Thoseهي صيغة الجمع لضمير الاشارهthat ومعناه تلك ,اولئك حيث يستخدم للجمع البعيد

5-reflexive pronouns are the words that refer to the noun to assert it.

I myself saw the accident.

I met the experts themselves .

6-   relatives pronouns (who-which-whose-whom-that)

Are used to connect two sentences .

I saw the man whom you hate .

The book that you bought is uninteresting.

Demonstrative pronouns .

The wall is high . this is high

That           these         those     

This is mean.

This is beautiful.

I cut my self.

She hates herself .

We respect ourselves .

I myself went to college .